Author: Aubrey Whelan

  • Federal substance abuse and mental health grants were cut and then restored with little explanation

    Federal substance abuse and mental health grants were cut and then restored with little explanation

    Physicians Zsofi Szep and Judy Chertok have spent the last three years working to connect Penn Medicine patients with addiction treatment — with the help of a federal grant that they learned was terminated in a form letter Tuesday.

    They rushed to find a way to keep caring for their patients, many with HIV or hepatitis C and needing supports such as housing and food after treatment. The salaries of two staffers helping to connect people with such resources had been entirely grant-funded.

    “To stop this from one day to the next was obviously devastating,” Szep said. “It’s not possible to stop patient care. We continued to do what we were doing.”

    The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration had abruptly rescinded funding for thousands of grants dealing with mental health and addiction treatment, only to reverse itself a day later with little explanation.

    NPR reported that some $2 billion in grants were cut off, and grantees like Szep and Chertok received form letters that said only that their projects no longer aligned with agency priorities.

    The move sparked immediate outrage from providers and legislators alike. U.S. Rep. Madeleine Dean (D., Montgomery) helped marshal 100 congressional representatives to sign a bipartisan letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., demanding the funding be restored.

    By Wednesday night, it had been, The Associated Press reported — still with little explanation from federal officials. HHS did not return a request for comment Thursday. The agency also declined to answer questions about the reasons for the rescissions from The Associated Press.

    But providers at the programs affected by the whiplash of rescinded, then restored, funding said they were shaken by a chaotic 24 hours and worried about what the move signaled.

    Since President Donald Trump took office last January, his administration has fired thousands of federal workers and attempted to slash federal grants at unprecedented levels, creating chaos among researchers, health providers, and nonprofits.

    As of late Thursday, one Philadelphia provider who receives SAMHSA grants said she had not yet received notice from the agency that funding had been restored.

    “It’s a message that what we’re doing is not important,” said Barbara Schindler, the medical director of the women’s addiction treatment program Caring Together.

    “The people that work day to day on the front lines, we’re dealing with folks that are living on the edge and need all the help they can get. To feel like your rug can get pulled out from underneath you at any one point, both as a provider as well as a participant, is very upsetting.”

    Uncertainty amid attempted cuts

    It’s unclear how many programs in the Philadelphia area were affected.

    Gaudenzia, an addiction treatment provider with locations across Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, had grants rescinded, then restored, that were related to expanding treatment access, addiction prevention, and support services, a spokesperson said.

    Gaudenzia’s president and CEO, Deja Gilbert, said she understood the need for “fiscal responsibility at the federal level,” but funding changes should be made in collaboration with providers.

    “Abrupt funding actions — even when reversed — create uncertainty for providers and the people we serve,” she said in a statement.

    Szep and Chertok’s program at Penn, which has served about 125 patients over the last few years, is aimed at some of the health system’s most vulnerable patients, connecting patients in the hospital or outpatient clinics with addiction treatment.

    “It’s a very sick and complicated group of patients, who are specifically referred to an extra-specialized team,” Chertok said.

    They were relieved when their funding was restored on Thursday but remain worried about the future.

    “So many other people have similar grants in our city through SAMHSA — the amount of people that are getting care through these types of programs is really dramatic, and we don’t have other ways of getting them care,” Chertok said.

    Schindler, a professor of psychiatry and pediatrics at Drexel University, said SAMHSA funding through two grants allows her 36-year-old clinic to support medication for women with opioid use disorder and a reentry program for women incarcerated for drug-related crimes.

    “It allows us to have more addiction counselors and staff that can address the incredible needs these ladies have,” she said. “It really enhances the program.”

    She said she was “on pins and needles” waiting to hear that her funding had been restored.

    ‘Incompetence and cruelty’

    Dean said she learned of the cuts when a staffer pulled her aside to share a news article, reporting that SAMHSA had abruptly rescinded $2 billion in funding from more than 2,000 grants. Almost immediately afterward, the head of a Pennsylvania network of addiction treatment providers called her.

    They began working to determine how many local grants had been affected, an effort that’s still ongoing.

    “Immediately, what I thought was, this will cost lives. People will die as a result of this level of incompetence and cruelty,” Dean said.

    She said she had not received answers from the administration on the reasoning behind the cuts.

    Dean called the terminations hypocritical, noting that President Donald Trump has justified military operations in Venezuela as an effort to combat drug trafficking even as his administration attempted to cut billions in drug treatment funding at home.

    “It’s incompetent, illegal, unconstitutional, and we got no notice,” she said.

    Dean said she was pleased that programs were seeing their funding restored, although she was still unsure what had prompted the decision, and was concerned about the precedent the move set.

    “I’m of the mind that it will happen again. And there is real harm — I don’t care if the interruption is 24 hours,” she said. “Interruptions can have large impacts.”

  • Jefferson and Temple join wide-ranging litigation over high insulin pricing

    Jefferson and Temple join wide-ranging litigation over high insulin pricing

    Temple University Health System and Jefferson Health are the latest area health systems to sue pharmaceutical companies and pharmacy benefit managers over high insulin pricing.

    The move follows similar lawsuits filed in recent years by the University of Pennsylvania, the city of Philadelphia, Philadelphia District Attorney Larry Krasner, and Bucks County, as well as hundreds of other municipalities, companies, and unions around the country.

    Temple filed its suit last week, and Jefferson sued just before the new year.

    Eli Lilly, CVS Caremark, and Sanofi are among the major companies named in the suits, which accuse drugmakers and pharmacy benefit managers, or PBMs, of conspiring to drive up profits on diabetes drugs.

    PBMs work with drug manufacturers, insurers, and pharmacies, negotiating prices and developing formularies — lists of prescription drugs that are available on a given insurance plan.

    The health systems and other plaintiffs say drugmakers inflate prices for their insulin products in order to secure lucrative placements on formularies. Then, they pay a portion of the resulting profits back to PBMs, according to the lawsuits.

    Jefferson and Temple officials said they are paying more for employees’ insulin as a result, impacting the health systems’ budgets and hurting their ability to “provide necessary services […] to the larger Philadelphia community.”

    Representatives from both health systems declined to comment.

    Eli Lilly has worked for years to reduce out-of-pocket costs for insulin, the company said in a statement, noting that some plaintiffs filing the lawsuits are choosing higher-priced medications over more affordable options.

    Lilly capped insulin prices at $35 per month, the statement said, and in 2024 the average monthly out-of-pocket cost for its insulin was less than $15.

    CVS Caremark said pharmaceutical companies “alone are responsible” for pricing their drugs in its latest statement, released after Philadelphia officials joined the litigation last month. The company said it would welcome lower prices on insulin.

    “Allegations that we play any role in determining the prices charged by manufacturers for their products are false, and we intend to vigorously defend against this baseless suit,” they wrote in an email.

    A statement from Sanofi said that the company has always complied with the law when it comes to drug prices and works to lower prices. PBMs and insurers sometimes negotiate savings on drugs, but those are “not consistently passed through to patients in the form of lower co-pays or coinsurance,” the statement read.

    “As a result, patients’ out-of-pocket costs continue to rise while the average net price of our insulins declines.”

  • Philly health officials warn of a potential measles exposure at the airport and 30th Street Station

    Philly health officials warn of a potential measles exposure at the airport and 30th Street Station

    Health officials are warning that a person infected with measles traveled through Philadelphia last week, potentially exposing people who passed through several transit hubs last Wednesday to the highly contagious virus.

    Officials believe there’s no threat to the general public, Philadelphia Health Commissioner Palak Raval-Nelson said in a statement on Monday.

    People who were in the following locations at the following times last Wednesday should check their vaccination status and watch for measles symptoms, officials said:

    • Philadelphia International Airport, Terminal A East, from 7:50 p.m. to 11 p.m.
    • 30th Street Station from 8:15 p.m. to 11:25 p.m.
    • Amtrak Northeast Regional Train Southbound #175, which traveled from Boston to Washington, D.C., and stopped in Philadelphia at 9:23 p.m. People on the train between 9:23 and 11:30 p.m. may have been exposed to the virus.

    After traveling through Philadelphia, the person with measles also may have exposed people on parking shuttles at Baltimore’s airport and Amtrak station, according to Maryland’s state health department.

    Measles, which spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze, or talk, can linger in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.

    People are considered immune to measles if they are born before 1957, have already had measles, or received two doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine.

    People with immunity don’t have to do anything if they were exposed in Philadelphia last week, health officials said.

    People who are not considered immune and were potentially exposed to the virus last week should talk to their doctor about getting an MMR vaccine as soon as possible.

    Among them, children under a year old, pregnant people who are not immune, and people with a weakened immune system should call their doctor as soon as possible.

    Health officials said that early measles symptoms include a runny nose, a cough, and puffy, red eyes, followed by a rash. The disease is contagious for about four days before a rash develops, and four days after that.

    That means that people without immunity who were exposed to the virus could infect others without knowing it. In such cases, they should wear masks in indoor public spaces and around anyone unvaccinated until three weeks pass from the exposure, health officials said.

    Anyone who is not immune and believes they were exposed to the virus should contact a doctor immediately if they develop measles symptoms through Jan. 28.

    They should also notify the Philadelphia Department of Public Health at 215-685-6740. Pennsylvania residents outside Philadelphia should call the state health department at 877-724-3258.

    Health officials noted that measles can lead to pneumonia, brain infection, and death in serious cases.

    Area health officials have identified a handful of measles cases in the city in the last year, and warned travelers of another possible measles exposure in the airport in November.

    Raval-Nelson noted that many countries, including popular international travel destinations, are seeing measles outbreaks.

    Measles has also been spreading in the United States. The CDC reported 49 outbreaks — a cluster of three or more measles cases — in 2025, with 88% of the 2,144 cases nationwide linked to those outbreaks.

    In 2024, the U.S. saw 16 outbreaks and 285 cases of measles, with 69% of those cases linked to outbreaks.

    Raval-Nelson urged parents to vaccinate young children. While children under a year old are not routinely vaccinated with MMR, she noted, people who are planning to travel outside the country should get the vaccine for infants as young as 6 months to protect them from the virus.

    Editor’s note: This story has been updated to correct the age at which a person is considered immune to measles.

  • Health officials urge vaccination as flu cases surge in Pennsylvania

    Health officials urge vaccination as flu cases surge in Pennsylvania

    More Philadelphians are visiting emergency departments with the flu than a year ago, as cases are surging across Pennsylvania.

    Flu cases in late December hit higher counts locally and statewide than at this time last year, according to city and state data. It’s too early to say whether flu has peaked for the season, or whether cases will continue to rise, health officials say.

    window.addEventListener(“message”,function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[“datawrapper-height”]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(“iframe”);for(var t in a.data[“datawrapper-height”])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[“datawrapper-height”][t]+”px”;r.style.height=d}}});

    Philadelphia-area physicians say they’re dealing with an increased flu caseload, including patients suffering from severe complications.

    COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases are also rising, but flu is the biggest concern right now, said Brett Gilbert, Main Line Health’s infectious disease chief.

    “We’ve been fighting COVID for the last five years, while flu took a back seat,” he said. “But flu is in the driver’s seat this year.”

    One reason for the high number of flu cases this early in the flu season, which runs from winter to early spring and typically peaks in December to February, is a new flu variant that emerged this summer.

    World health experts meet twice a year to determine which flu variants are circulating and recommend seasonal flu shots to target them.

    The variant causing the most cases right now, subclade K, was detected after flu shots for the Northern Hemisphere had already been selected this year, Gilbert said. “There is some degree of vaccine-disease mismatch,” he said.

    window.addEventListener(“message”,function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[“datawrapper-height”]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(“iframe”);for(var t in a.data[“datawrapper-height”])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[“datawrapper-height”][t]+”px”;r.style.height=d}}});

    But that doesn’t mean that the current flu vaccine is not effective, especially in preventing hospitalizations and deaths.

    “It may not be so great at preventing the illness itself, but [with a vaccine], it may be a mild illness, easily treatable with antivirals or supportive care,” Gilbert said.

    Flu in children

    Just over half of Pennsylvania children were vaccinated for the flu this season, according to federal surveys, slightly up from last year’s rates.

    Childhood flu vaccination rates in Philadelphia were even higher than the statewide rate, with about 56% of children vaccinated this season.

    Some of the most serious cases of flu that pediatrician Daniel Taylor sees are among unvaccinated children.

    At St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children, where Taylor sees patients, the outpatient sick clinic is filled with children with severe cases of flu and RSV.

    Some are suffering from dehydration and require care in the ER at the North Philadelphia hospital.

    Taylor stresses the risk of serious complications from the flu in conversations with parents about vaccination. (Taylor also regularly writes about his experiences as a physician for The Inquirer.)

    The flu can trigger severe health crises that can cause brain damage or temporary paralysis from inflammation of the spinal cord. Taylor has seen two children this flu season with benign acute childhood myositis, a rare complication of an upper respiratory infection that causes swelling and muscle damage in the legs, and in even rarer cases can lead to kidney failure.

    “They’re not able to walk, and in so much pain from the swelling of the legs,” he said.

    Nine children have died nationwide from the flu this season. The season before, flu deaths among children were the highest since 2004, when the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began tracking them, the American Academy of Pediatrics noted. Among Americans of all ages, the CDC has estimated 5,000 total flu deaths so far this season.

    Taylor said that President Donald Trump’s chaotic upheaval of longstanding vaccine policy — with the CDC changing recommendations around flu vaccines and slashing six vaccines from the routine childhood immunization list — makes it harder for physicians to help patients.

    He said he had recently met with a mother who told him she’d previously vaccinated her children, but now was avoiding vaccines because she was “scared of giving her kid vaccines with everything going on in the government.”

    “They hear something different from the government and the CDC, and they question the relationship” with their doctor, Taylor said.

    He said parents can find trustworthy information about vaccination at websites run by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

    ‘It’s never too late to get a flu vaccine’

    Anyone who hasn’t been vaccinated for the flu still has time to get immunized. Flu season runs through May, and cases can occur year-round.

    About 40% of Pennsylvanian adults and about 42% of New Jersey adults have been vaccinated for the flu so far this season, lower than in previous years and slightly below the national rate for the first time.

    About 47% of Philadelphians have been vaccinated so far this season, above the national rate.

    Patients who are feeling sick can get tested for the flu at a hospital or a doctor’s office, and home tests are also available. Antiviral treatments can help ease symptoms. Wearing a mask can also protect others from contracting the flu.

    window.addEventListener(“message”,function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[“datawrapper-height”]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(“iframe”);for(var t in a.data[“datawrapper-height”])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[“datawrapper-height”][t]+”px”;r.style.height=d}}});

    In Philadelphia, residents can get free flu and COVID vaccines at five health centers, and the health department regularly conducts vaccine outreach in the city, said Gayle Mendoza, a spokesperson for the Philadelphia Department of Public Health.

    “People might say ‘We’re past the holidays, what’s the point in getting vaccinated?’” she said. “Sure, winter break is behind us, but the influenza virus is still forging ahead.”

  • RFK Jr. is upending U.S. vaccine policy. A Philly expert says child hospitalizations and deaths will rise as a result.

    RFK Jr. is upending U.S. vaccine policy. A Philly expert says child hospitalizations and deaths will rise as a result.

    Sweeping changes to the United States’ childhood vaccine schedule announced Monday by federal officials will decrease the number of recommended childhood immunizations from 17 to 11.

    Outraged pediatricians and infectious disease experts say the move will increase cases of preventable illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. Among the vaccines affected is an immunization for rotavirus whose co-inventor, Paul Offit, directs the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

    Now, vaccination for the serious gastrointestinal illness is among those no longer universally recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    The guidance change also affects immunizations for flu, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), meningococcal disease, hepatitis A, and hepatitis B. The CDC now recommends them for children at high risk of serious illness, or when parents of otherwise healthy children decide with their doctor to give their child vaccines for these diseases.

    The CDC’s move is the latest in a chaotic upheaval of the nation’s vaccine policy overseen by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.

    “I think the goal of RFK Jr. is to make vaccines optional,” said Offit, a longtime critic of Kennedy, saying the anti-vaccine activist “is doing everything he can to make vaccines less available, less affordable, and more feared.”

    Other experts said the decision was made without transparency and had little scientific backing. It comes at a time when more Americans are refusing vaccines; in Pennsylvania kindergarteners’ measles vaccination rates have dipped below the critical 95% threshold required to prevent the disease from spreading widely.

    The Infectious Disease Society of America called the move “the latest reckless step in Secretary Kennedy’s assault on the national vaccine infrastructure that has saved millions of lives.”

    Ronald G. Nahass, a New Jersey-based physician and IDSA’s president, said in a statement that Kennedy’s actions “put families and communities at risk and will make America sicker.”

    The American Academy of Pediatrics, a leading professional medical society, said it would continue to recommend that all children be vaccinated against rotavirus, hepatitis, and other diseases removed from the CDC’s routine immunization list.

    Under the new guidelines, the CDC will continue to recommend that all children get vaccinated for diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough or pertussis, haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcal conjugate, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, human papillomavirus or HPV, and chickenpox.

    The agency will also recommend that children at high risk for serious complications receive vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis A, hepatitis B, dengue, and two meningococcal diseases.

    <iframe title="U.S. Childhood Immunization Schedule Overhauled" aria-label="Table" id="datawrapper-chart-Yz6OU" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Yz6OU/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="848" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">window.addEventListener("message",function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";r.style.height=d}}});</script>

    Previously, an independent committee that advises the agency in November recommended delaying hepatitis B vaccines for newborns.

    “This framework empowers parents and physicians to make individualized decisions based on risk, while maintaining strong protection against serious disease,” said Mehmet Oz, a physician and administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, in a statement.

    Federal officials said that insurance will continue to cover vaccinations, the Associated Press reported.

    President Donald Trump is joined by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., left, and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz in the Roosevelt Room of the White House in September.

    Vaccine policy around the world

    Offit spent 26 years developing a rotavirus vaccine after treating children with the illness during his medical residency in Pittsburgh — including one patient who died. Rotavirus causes vomiting and diarrhea that can lead to dehydration and is particularly dangerous for young children. There are two vaccines available, one of which Offit helped to develop.

    “I try not to take this personally,” he said of the new federal guidance.

    Before rotavirus vaccines were recommended by the CDC in 2006, up to 70,000 children were hospitalized with rotavirus each year, he noted.

    Within a decade, hospitalizations plummeted.

    “But what we hadn’t eliminated was the virus,” he said.

    HHS officials said that their review of worldwide vaccination policies found that the United States vaccinates for more diseases than other developed countries.

    But, they said, many countries that recommend fewer vaccines still achieve “strong child health outcomes” and “maintain high vaccination rates through public trust and education rather than mandates.”

    Trump has touted Denmark, which recommends routine vaccinations for 10 diseases, as a potential model for the U.S.

    Denmark may have better health outcomes, but it also has a national healthcare system, a lower childhood poverty level, and free childcare, Offit noted in a recent blog post.

    And, he said, Denmark — which does not recommend routine rotavirus or RSV vaccination — sees children hospitalized from those viruses at higher rates than the United States.

    “Denmark is nothing to emulate. They should be emulating us,” Offit said.

    Likewise, AAP president Andrew Racine said in a statement that America is a “unique country” with different health risks and public health infrastructure than Denmark.

    “This is no way to make our country healthier,” Racine said.

    Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro said that the state will “continue to rely on evidence-based guidance” including vaccine recommendations from the AAP.

    “RFK Jr. is once again trying to sow chaos and confusion among parents — but know this: these changes at the federal level do not affect Pennsylvanians’ access to vaccines in our Commonwealth,“ he said in a statement. ”Pennsylvanians should continue to consult with their doctors and make informed decisions based on the best scientific evidence.”

    New Jersey’s Acting Health Commissioner Jeffrey A. Brown said in a statement that the state sets vaccine requirements for school and childcare, and that those have not changed despite shifts at the federal level. He added vaccines in the state remain covered by insurance and the state is committed to protecting residents’ health.

    “Federal efforts to reduce the number of vaccines recommended for all children in the United States are not supported by the available data nor the consensus of public health and medical experts,” Brown said. “Instead, deterring participation in vaccination risks leaving children vulnerable to serious and preventable infections.”

    Changing public attitudes

    In a December survey, the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania found that more than a third of 1,006 Americans polled were more likely to trust the American Medical Association, a leading professional medical society, over the CDC if the two conflicted on vaccine policy.

    At the time of the survey, the CDC had recently changed its website to suggest — against decades of evidence showing otherwise — that there could be a link between vaccines and autism.

    Asking the public to make their own decisions on whether to vaccinate their children can make people vulnerable to misinformation, Annenberg director Kathleen Hall Jamieson said in an interview with The Inquirer last week.

    “The public doesn’t have time to do research on its own, on average, and in the process, they can get lost in a mire of misinformation and confusion very easily,” she said. “It’s easy to think one is doing one’s research when one is way down the rabbit hole.”

    In the poll, the preference to trust the AMA over the CDC held true across political parties and was particularly pronounced among older Americans. The only age group more likely to accept the CDC over the AMA in the event of conflicting vaccine advice was 18- to 29-year-olds.

    “The fact that, as the CDC began to change statements, the public shifted its trust to other organizations on consequential issues — that’s a statement that says the public intelligence is real,” Jamieson said.

    The AAP’s Racine reiterated Monday that the society will continue to publish its own vaccine recommendations and help physicians to advise parents.

    “Your child’s pediatrician has the medical training, special knowledge, and scientific evidence about how to support children’s health, safety, and well-being. Working together, you can make informed decisions about what’s best for your child,” Racine said.

    Offit cautioned parents against avoiding vaccinations, as high rates do not just protect healthy children — they’re also vital for children with immune disorders who cannot be vaccinated.

    And, he said, parents shouldn’t discount the risks of hospitalization or death from vaccine-preventable diseases.

    “There’s this sort of myth of invulnerability — you never think it’s going to happen to you, until it happens to you,” he said.

  • Amid conflicting vaccine recommendations, Americans are less likely to trust Trump’s CDC, a Penn study finds

    Amid conflicting vaccine recommendations, Americans are less likely to trust Trump’s CDC, a Penn study finds

    After a year of major shifts in the federal government’s policy toward vaccines, Americans are now more likely to trust the American Medical Association than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention when the two conflict on vaccine guidance, a new survey shows.

    The survey, conducted by the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Public Policy Center, is one of several released in December that assess how the public is navigating a chaotic year of public health policy under President Donald Trump’s administration.

    Trump’s secretary of health and human services, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., is a longtime anti-vaccine activist. Earlier in 2025, he fired a committee of outside experts who advise the CDC on vaccine policy, replacing the committee with a handpicked group that includes other vaccine critics.

    Soon after, the White House fired CDC Director Susan Monarez, in part because she had refused to unquestioningly sign off on the new committee’s recommendations.

    The reconstituted panel subsequently changed recommendations on who should receive COVID-19 vaccines, prompting states like Pennsylvania to change their own policies around vaccine distribution to ensure continued access. The panel also recommended delaying hepatitis B shots for newborns, prompting outrage from medical experts who said the move will increase cases of the serious liver disease.

    And in November, the CDC website, which for years had noted that decades of research showed no link between receiving vaccines and developing autism, was updated to state the opposite. The site now reads: “The claim ‘vaccines do not cause autism’ is not an evidence-based claim because studies have not ruled out the possibility that infant vaccines cause autism.”

    The move was decried by public health experts.

    In the wake of those decisions, it is crucial for medical providers and health communicators to understand how the public views vaccination, said Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Annenberg’s director.

    Kennedy’s guidance often encourages patients to make their own decisions with doctors about vaccines, she said. But that often puts the burden on Americans to process scientific research on their own — and makes them vulnerable to misinformation, she said.

    “The public doesn’t have time to do research on its own, on average, and in the process, they can get lost in a mire of misinformation and confusion very easily. It requires a skill set to navigate scholarly literature. And it’s easy to think one is doing one’s research when one is way down the rabbit hole,” Jamieson said.

    Autism, vaccines, and trust in the CDC

    Annenberg researchers wanted to understand where the public is turning for information on vaccines as trust in the CDC has fallen.

    Shortly after the CDC changed its website on vaccines and autism, Annenberg researchers asked 1,006 adults about what they would do if the CDC’s advice conflicted with that of a major medical professional organization like the AMA, which strongly condemned the website changes.

    While about half of the respondents said they believe the CDC provides trustworthy information on vaccine safety, the survey found that 35% of respondents said they would be more likely to accept recommendations from the AMA if they conflicted with the CDC. Just 16% of respondents said they would side with the CDC in that case.

    That preference held true across political parties and was particularly pronounced among older Americans. The only age group more likely to accept the CDC over the AMA was 18- to 29-year-olds: 24% said they would accept the CDC’s recommendations, and 19% said they would accept the AMA’s.

    “The fact that, as the CDC began to change statements, the public shifted its trust to other organizations on consequential issues — that’s a statement that says the public intelligence is real,” Jamieson said.

    “The public is paying enough attention to say, ‘I can’t necessarily go to the CDC on that topic.’ That’s a statement that says we’re in better shape than you might have guessed that we were.”

    Gauging public knowledge on vaccines

    In another series of surveys, Annenberg researchers gauged what Americans already know about common vaccines in order to help public health officials communicate with the public more effectively.

    “One of the goals of our surveying is to find what kinds of knowledge the public finds helpful and increase the likelihood that people make science-consistent decisions,” Jamieson said.

    A survey on whooping cough, also known as pertussis, was conducted in the fall in response to a national rise in cases. The disease is caused by a bacterial infection and can result in a severe cough that lasts for months. It is particularly dangerous for infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated against the disease.

    About 30% of 1,637 respondents said they were not sure whether pertussis was the same as whooping cough and 35% said they were not sure whether a vaccine exists for it. Annenberg had reported similar findings a year before — an alarming conclusion, researchers said, because health officials have blamed a rise in cases in part on decreasing vaccination rates.

    “Maybe we’re not doing the best possible job in communicating what we know about relative risks of the disease, the relative risks of vaccine, and the ways in which whooping cough is transmitted,” Jamieson said. “These are all questions designed to figure out the equation people are working through.”

    Support for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine

    Likewise, a late-fall survey on attitudes toward the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) found that 86% of respondents said they would be likely to recommend that eligible people in their household get the MMR vaccine.

    That is a “small but significant” decline from last year, when 90% said they would recommend the vaccine, researchers said.

    Respondents are now also less likely to recommend vaccines for HPV and polio.

    That may be because the MMR vaccine has been so effective that the public can no longer remember what it was like to contract measles, Jamieson said.

    “I am elderly. I have gone through whole periods of my life in which these vaccines did not exist. I know what measles looks like — extraordinarily uncomfortable — with risks that are real and demonstrable,” Jamieson said. “And the vaccine has worked for people I care about in the subsequent generations.”

    Support for MMR vaccines is still overwhelmingly high, Jamieson said. But the threshold to maintain herd immunity for measles is also high — about 95% of people must be vaccinated in order to prevent the spread of the disease and protect people who cannot be vaccinated.

    And, if people live in communities where vaccines are less accepted, they could be at higher risk than the general population.

    “The state of Pennsylvania can be at 95%, but if my church isn’t at 95%, I can get measles if I’ve not been fully immunized or if I can’t be vaccinated,” Jamieson said.

  • Overdose deaths in Philly on track to be the lowest in nearly 10 years. Pa. deaths are also declining dramatically.

    Overdose deaths in Philly on track to be the lowest in nearly 10 years. Pa. deaths are also declining dramatically.

    Philadelphia is on track to record the lowest number of fatal overdoses in nearly a decade in 2025, according to preliminary state data.

    State officials reported 747 overdose deaths in the city as of Dec. 23. The city last recorded fewer than 1,000 deaths in 2016, when 907 people died of overdoses.

    The dramatic decline mirrors national trends in overdose deaths, which peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic and have since been steadily falling.

    window.addEventListener(“message”,function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[“datawrapper-height”]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(“iframe”);for(var t in a.data[“datawrapper-height”])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[“datawrapper-height”][t]+”px”;r.style.height=d}}});

    Likewise, overdose deaths are dropping in Pennsylvania, with a 29% decline in deaths reported statewide between 2023 and 2024, according to preliminary data from the state.

    Preliminary data for 2025 indicate that deaths are also on track to decline again across the state, with 2,178 overdoses reported as of Dec. 23, according to state data. In all of 2024, the state recorded 3,340 overdose deaths.

    window.addEventListener(“message”,function(a){if(void 0!==a.data[“datawrapper-height”]){var e=document.querySelectorAll(“iframe”);for(var t in a.data[“datawrapper-height”])for(var r,i=0;r=e[i];i++)if(r.contentWindow===a.source){var d=a.data[“datawrapper-height”][t]+”px”;r.style.height=d}}});

    City officials in Philadelphia said there are slight differences in how the state and the city report overdose data and could not comment extensively on the state figures. But the city’s own data also show dramatic drops in deaths in the last several years.

    As recently as 2022, deaths in the city had soared to their highest-ever rate. But they decreased slightly in 2023.

    Citing preliminary data from 2024, Philly Stat 360, a city-run database that tracks quality-of-life metrics, reported 1,064 overdose deaths — a 19% decrease in fatal overdoses from the year before. The city has not yet released its own statistics for 2025.

    “My first reaction to hearing these numbers is absolute joy,” said Keli McLoyd, the director of the Philadelphia Overdose Response Unit (ORU). “With that said, the number should be zero. Every overdose is preventable. Every single one of those lives lost is a person.”

    State officials said their work to expand overdose prevention efforts and ease entry to treatment has contributed to the dramatic drops in deaths. Still, they said, there is more work to be done.

    “Even with the overall decreases, we are still losing too many people — mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, grandparents, grandchildren — to overdose,” said Stephany Dugan, a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs.

    She added that all Pennsylvanians “deserve equal and equitable access” to addiction treatment.

    Decreases in overdoses in Philadelphia

    Discerning the cause of the dramatic drops in overdose deaths can be difficult, city officials say.

    “We have to acknowledge that it’s a huge, huge change, and so we really are hopefully doing something right. But I think it’s going to be very hard, if not impossible, to say that one thing resulted in this massive reduction in fatal overdose deaths,” McLoyd said.

    Still, efforts at the state and local levels to increase access to naloxone, the overdose-reversing drug, likely made a difference, she said.

    A number of local advocates in the addiction medicine field have speculated that there is still much to learn about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected overdose rates, said Daniel Teixeira da Silva, the director of the Division of Substance Use Prevention and Harm Reduction at the Philadelphia Department of Public Health.

    “When we look at the [overdose] increases after 2016, leading up to COVID, we can tie that to the introduction of fentanyl to the [drug] supply,” he said Monday, referring to the synthetic opioid behind most of the city’s fatal overdoses.

    “When you look at the increases from 2020 to 2022 — this is where I just don’t think we know enough yet. It’s hard to say COVID didn’t impact [deaths]. We look at what was going on at the time, contributors to more risky substance use such as people losing employment, the isolation,” Teixeira da Silva said.

    Likewise, he said, policy changes that came about during the pandemic, such as easing some restrictions around opioid addiction medications, could be contributing to a drop in deaths now.

    “Maybe we’re seeing benefits of the policies enacted during COVID,” he said.

    A changing drug landscape

    On Philly Stat 360, city officials said fentanyl still drives nearly all of the opioid overdose deaths in the city.

    But about 70% of deaths involved a stimulant like cocaine or methamphetamine in 2024. And about half of the city’s fatal overdoses that year involved both stimulants and opioids.

    Taking stock of the drop in overdose deaths, city officials noted the success of a 2024 program at the ORU to deliver naloxone, the opioid overdose-reversing drug sold under the brand name Narcan, to households in neighborhoods seeing a high number of overdoses.

    They included neighborhoods in North Philadelphia, where overdose deaths had risen over the last several years. Across the city, Black and Hispanic communities had seen high rises in overdoses — but neighbors often reported receiving fewer resources to address them.

    Workers assigned to the naloxone initiative knocked on 100,000 doors offering the medication and access to addiction treatment. In some neighborhoods, up to 88% of neighbors who answered their doors accepted some kind of resource from staffers, according to a city report on the program. McLoyd also helmed an effort to ensure all city fire stations had naloxone on hand.

    “We’re sharing those messages that this is a tool for everyone, not just people who use drugs or people who love those who use drugs,” since some people may hide their addiction from others, she said.

    This year, the city launched another campaign to educate residents about the risk of heart disease from stimulant use. Eighty percent of overdose deaths among Black Philadelphians in 2023 involved a stimulant, and about half of the Black Philadelphians who died of an overdose between 2019 and 2022 had a history of cardiovascular disease.

    “We see opioid-stimulant [overdose deaths] decreasing, but stimulant-only [overdoses] being really persistent,” Teixeira da Silva said. “Stimulant overdoses are not reversed by Narcan,” so it is important to help vulnerable residents understand the specific harms caused by stimulants.

    As overdoses decrease in the general population, McLoyd said, it is crucial to maintain outreach efforts toward groups that have seen rising overdoses in recent years, like pregnant people and teens in the juvenile justice system.

    “Within certain populations, overdoses are still disproportionately high. We want to develop programs that speak specifically to those populations,” she said.

    City officials have also hailed the Riverview Wellness Center, a 234-bed recovery home that offers supportive services to people who have completed a 30-day stay in inpatient treatment.

    But Mayor Cherelle L. Parker’s administration has faced criticism from advocates for people in addiction over her decision last year to slash funding for syringe exchanges. Critics have also decried City Council legislation that regulates mobile medical services for people with addiction, requiring permits to offer care and limiting operating hours and locations in some neighborhoods.

    Teixeira da Silva said that the city is using the legislation to more effectively coordinate care for people with addiction. He said his division has been involved in the new permitting process for mobile services to “get them approved as fast as possible to ensure there isn’t a gap in access.”

    Statewide initiatives

    Across Pennsylvania, the state’s Overdose Prevention Program handed out more than 415,000 doses of naloxone in the first six months of 2025, said Dugan, the Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs spokesperson.

    Those doses helped reverse more than 6,100 overdoses, Dugan said earlier this month.

    The state also distributed 437,000 test strips to help drug users detect fentanyl and xylazine. The animal tranquilizer contaminated much of Philadelphia’s illicit opioid supply starting at the beginning of the decade and can cause severe skin wounds that sometimes lead to amputation.

    Authorities credited efforts to increase access to treatment in rural counties and to decrease wait times for addiction treatment, implementing a “warm handoff” program that allows patients to transfer directly from hospitals to addiction treatment.

    More than 22,000 Pennsylvanians were offered addiction treatment from hospitals in the first 10 months of 2025. Nearly 60% of people who received referrals accepted them, state officials said.

    Advocates say that the state’s focus on programs to prevent overdoses has paid off.

    “I’m really impressed and grateful for the state and their investment in harm-reduction programs,” said Sarah Laurel, who heads the Philadelphia-based addiction outreach organization Savage Sisters.

    But as the drug supply changes, she said, it is vital for health officials to collect more data on other harms of drug use besides overdoses.

    For example, medetomidine, another powerful animal tranquilizer not approved for human use, has supplanted xylazine in Philadelphia’s illicit opioid supply.

    It causes intense withdrawal that has flooded emergency rooms with patients suffering from dangerous spikes in blood pressure and other heart complications. Some doctors have raised concerns that patients undergoing medetomidine withdrawal risk brain damage from high blood pressure.

    Medetomidine was detected in about 15% of all fatal overdoses in Philadelphia between May 2024 and May 2025, according to preliminary city data obtained by The Inquirer this fall.

    “It’s great they’re distributing naloxone at the rate they are. However, we have not really seen a ton of data on the complications that this polychemical substance wave is causing for people,” Laurel said.

    “It’s a big area where we can look into the people we’re serving and the way their lives are being impacted by drugs.”

    Teixeira da Silva said that city officials successfully pushed federal officials this fall to institute new medical billing codes for xylazine use and related amputations, a crucial step to allow hospitals to better track harms from the drug. They are hoping to do the same for medetomidine and its withdrawal symptoms.

    “I definitely agree that we need a broader perspective in terms of the harms caused by drug use beyond death,” he said. “Of course, death is the worst harm. That has to be a metric that we continue to monitor and work toward zero.”

  • Philadelphia sues drugmakers and pharmacy benefit managers over high insulin costs

    Philadelphia sues drugmakers and pharmacy benefit managers over high insulin costs

    Philadelphia is suing a host of drug manufacturers and pharmacy benefit managers in federal court, alleging that they conspired to increase insulin prices to drive sky-high profits as patients struggled to afford life-saving medications.

    City officials said rising diabetes medication prices have caused the city to “significantly overpay” for diabetes medication for city employees and their families, noting in a news release that insulin prices have increased from $20 per vial in the 1990s to $300 to $700 per vial today.

    About 14% of adults in Philadelphia have diabetes, the city said.

    “Philadelphia suffers from one of the highest rates of diabetes in the United States, especially in our Black and brown communities,” Health Commissioner Palak Raval-Nelson said in a statement.

    “When people cannot afford their insulin, they frequently go without or cut back, leading to disastrous consequences both for themselves and Philadelphia as a whole. Their lives are degraded, and we all pay the associated health costs.”

    The suit, filed Tuesday, follows similar litigation filed by District Attorney Larry Krasner in 2024. Hundreds of companies, unions, and other local and state governments, including Bucks County, have also filed suit alongside Philadelphia as part of a wide-ranging lawsuit in federal court in New Jersey, the city said.

    In the suit, the city accuses drugmakers and pharmacy benefit managers, or PBMs, of colluding to drive up profits on diabetes drugs. PBMs work with drug manufacturers, insurers, and pharmacies, negotiating prices and developing formularies — lists of prescription drugs that are available on a given insurance plan.

    To ensure their drugs were included on formularies, drug manufacturers increased prices on diabetes drugs and then paid “a significant, yet undisclosed” portion of the resulting profits back to the PBMs, the city’s lawsuit said.

    That meant lower-priced or generic diabetes medications received “less favorable placement” on formularies, passing higher costs onto consumers, according to the lawsuit.

    The suit names nearly two dozen prominent drugmakers and PBMs, including Eli Lilly & Co., Optum RX, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, and CVS Caremark. Optum officials did not immediately return a request for comment.

    In a statement, a Lilly spokesperson said the company has worked for years to lower costs for people with diabetes by capping prices at $35 per month. The average out-of-pocket Lilly insulin cost was $14.86 a month for patients in 2024, the spokesperson said.

    “These copycat lawsuits are baseless,” the spokesperson wrote.

    Sanofi officials declined to comment on the allegations but said in a statement their “pricing practices have always complied with the law.” The company said it works to lower costs for patients, but that in the U.S. healthcare system, “savings negotiated by health insurance companies and PBMs” aren’t often reflected in patients’ co-pays.

    CVS officials said in an email that “pharmaceutical companies alone” are responsible for setting insulin prices and that they would welcome efforts from drug manufacturers to lower prices.

    “Allegations that we play any role in determining the prices charged by manufacturers for their products are false, and we intend to vigorously defend against this baseless suit,“ officials said.

    Novo Nordisk officials similarly called the allegations in the suit “meritless” and said the company has a number of initiatives to make insulin more affordable for patients.

    Staff writer Sarah Gantz contributed to this article.

  • Recovery Centers of America will pay $2 million to settle claims of illegally dispensing controlled substances and falsely billing Medicaid

    Recovery Centers of America will pay $2 million to settle claims of illegally dispensing controlled substances and falsely billing Medicaid

    Recovery Centers of America, a prominent addiction rehab provider, will pay $2 million to settle claims by the federal government that it illegally dispensed strictly regulated medications and billed Medicaid for services it did not provide.

    The Drug Enforcement Administration audited and investigated RCA facilities in Pennsylvania and Maryland between 2019 and 2024, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania said in a statement.

    RCA operates 13 rehab centers across the country, with its corporate headquarters in King of Prussia. The for-profit company offers inpatient and outpatient treatments for people in addiction, as well as mental health services.

    The DEA said RCA “dispensed controlled substances in an unlawful matter” and did not comply with federal recordkeeping rules for drugs and other substances that are closely regulated due to their potential for abuse.

    Federal officials did not specify the controlled substances involved.

    In a settlement agreement, federal authorities said that the DEA found a number of recordkeeping issues at an RCA facility in Devon, including that the facility did not maintain records showing that it had received controlled substances, and did not record the number of containers of the substances or the date they had been received. Some prescriptions for controlled substances were issued to “house stock” instead of named patients, authorities said.

    The facility also did not keep accurate records of the controlled substances on hand at the site, authorities allege.

    They also found recordkeeping issues at another RCA facility in Maryland.

    In 2017, a whistleblower who was once employed at RCA filed a lawsuit alleging that some facilities had admitted patients on Medicaid, but had not complied with state and federal regulations on providing them with rehab services.

    Under federal law, whistleblowers can sue on behalf of the government when they believe a company has submitted false claims for government funding, federal authorities said.

    Federal authorities said that between 2017 and 2019, some RCA facilities billed the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program and Medicaid for care that they did not document and did not actually provide.

    The settlement will resolve the whistleblower’s lawsuit.

    RCA did not immediately return a request for comment.

    The company has agreed to pay $1 million to resolve the controlled substance claims and $1 million to resolve the billing claims. RCA did not admit liability as part of the settlement agreement.

    Federal law also enables whistleblowers to receive money from the settlement. The former employee will receive $230,000, authorities said.

    RCA will also pay the employee $450,000 and $75,000 to cover attorney’s fees, according to the settlement agreement.

    “Drug and alcohol treatment facilities must prescribe and store controlled substances in a manner that comports with rules designed to ensure that dangerous drugs do not fall into the wrong hands. They also must provide treatment services that comply with all governing laws and regulations,” U.S. Attorney David Metcalf said in a statement.

    “When they fail in either of those critical duties they will face significant consequences.”

  • Philly doctors decry hepatitis B vaccine decision by CDC advisory committee

    Philly doctors decry hepatitis B vaccine decision by CDC advisory committee

    In Philadelphia, the city where the hepatitis B vaccine was discovered, experts sharply criticized a decision on Friday by the nation’s leading vaccine advisory panel to end a longstanding recommendation that all infants be immunized at birth against the serious liver disease.

    The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, a committee that makes recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the vaccines that Americans should receive, voted 8-3 to change its guidance on when and to whom the hepatitis B vaccine should be administered.

    National medical professional societies have opposed changes to the administration of a vaccine proven to be safe and effective, crediting it with all but eliminating the spread of the virus in young children.

    The hepatitis B vaccine revisions underscored growing concern that the federal government’s vaccine guidance is no longer credible under President Donald Trump’s administration.

    “Cases will go up,” said Sarah Long, an infectious disease pediatrician and a professor of pediatrics at Drexel University’s College of Medicine.

    She called the vote “outrageous,” saying it’s much safer to ensure every child gets protection as soon as possible from a virus that can have lifelong effects, causing in some people cirrhosis and liver cancer.

    “Why wouldn’t you want to apply a cancer-preventing vaccine to every potential susceptible child?” Long said.

    Long is herself a former member of the committee of independent experts. Her term ended in July 2024, about a year before Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. fired all of ACIP’s 17 members and reappointed handpicked members that included some who, like Kennedy, have advocated against vaccines.

    At meetings on Thursday and Friday, the committee reviewed a recommendation in place since 1991: that, shortly after birth, infants receive the first in a series of hepatitis B vaccinations.

    ACIP will now recommend that infants receive a hepatitis B shot at birth only if their mother was not tested or tests positive for hepatitis B.

    Parents can still decide with their doctors to give a dose at birth if the baby’s mother tests negative.

    The committee recommended delaying the shot, recommending that babies should get their first hepatitis dose at “no earlier” than two months if they do not receive a birth dose.

    Parents who test negative for the virus should discuss “vaccine benefits, vaccine risks, and infection risks” with their doctors to decide “when or if their child will begin the hepatitis B vaccine series,” HHS officials wrote in a statement.

    Some committee members said most babies are not at high risk for infection and questioned whether there’s adequate research to support the shots for infants, The Associated Press reported. But two others said there was no evidence that birth doses harm babies. The CDC’s own website cites decades of studies showing few risks from the vaccine.

    ‘Why wait until two months?’

    The decision makes little sense, said Paul Offit, a nationally renowned vaccine expert and physician who leads Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia’s Vaccine Education Center and has often clashed with Kennedy.

    “I don’t think this RFK Jr.-appointed anti-vaccine group calling itself the ACIP understands critical aspects of this virus,” he said. “This vaccine is as safe at two months as it is at birth. Why wait until two months?”

    It’s dangerous to wait to vaccinate babies against hepatitis B because the virus is highly contagious and can spread from a mother to a child at birth, and through actions as seemingly innocuous as sharing a toothbrush, a washcloth, or a razor.

    Pennsylvania has seen a 95% reduction in acute hepatitis B cases since the birth dose was implemented, health officials said in a news release earlier this week, calling transmission to newborns, infants, and toddlers “nearly eliminated.”

    Across the state, no mothers have passed the disease to their children at birth since 2019, and no cases have been detected in children under 4 since 2007.

    State health officials had urged the committee to keep the birth dose recommendation.

    Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at a November meeting of the Western Governors’ Association in Scottsdale, Ariz.

    Public perceptions of the vaccine

    Most Americans support hepatitis B vaccinations for newborns, a recent study from the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Public Policy Center found.

    The center surveyed 1,637 Americans last month, noting that the CDC recommended that all children be vaccinated for hepatitis B at birth, and three-fourths of respondents said they were very likely or somewhat likely to recommend the vaccine for a newborn in their household.

    Though a majority of survey respondents across political parties said they were likely to recommend the vaccine, Republicans were least likely to recommend it.

    About 40% of respondents correctly answered a question about the disease the hepatitis B vaccine prevents. One-third said they were not sure what disease it prevents.

    Next steps

    ACIP’s recommendations must be adopted by the CDC director. The White House fired former CDC director Susan Monarez this summer, in part because she had refused to unquestioningly sign off on ACIP recommendations.

    In her place, the acting director, Jim O’Neill, will decide whether to adopt the new recommendations.

    Pennsylvania and New Jersey are among the states that have moved this year to ensure residents can continue to access vaccines amid the reconstituted panel’s earlier controversial changes to the vaccine schedule.

    In Pennsylvania, Gov. Josh Shapiro signed an executive order in October aimed at protecting access to vaccines. One of its directives asks the state Department of Insurance to require that insurance companies cover vaccines recommended by leading national medical associations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, which continues to recommend hepatitis B vaccines at birth.

    In a statement after Friday’s vote, Pennsylvania’s Secretary of Human Services, Val Arkoosh, urged doctors and parents to follow AAP recommendations when vaccinating infants.

    And the state’s insurance commissioner, Michael Humphreys, said that insurers in the state will continue to cover the vaccine for newborns, “full stop.” He added insurers have already committed to covering birth doses through at least 2026, and that the department expects insurers to continue their coverage beyond that date.

    In a post on X, the social media platform formerly known as Twitter, Shapiro criticized Friday’s decision as “threatening access to safe, effective Hepatitis B vaccines for newborns, putting them at risk of getting a serious infection with lifelong consequences.”

    In New Jersey, insurance companies are expected to continue to cover all immunizations recommended by the state health department, which includes birth doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, the state Department of Banking and Insurance said in a statement after the committee’s vote.

    The department’s commissioner, Justin Zimmerman, said the federal government is “taking actions that threaten the health of residents.”

    CHOP’s Offit said he believed most doctors will continue to recommend the birth dose.

    “Doctors will know this is a bad idea and will do what they’re always doing — recommend the birth dose,” he said.

    But he and Drexel’s Long are among the experts increasingly concerned about the confusion ACIP’s decision could sow.

    And the decision from one of the nation’s highest-profile public health authorities could push more people to forgo the vaccine, Offit said.

    “I think people will feel empowered to say, ‘I don’t want this vaccine because ACIP said I don’t have to get it,” he said.